Kreston Bahrain
November 18, 2021
November 18, 2021
November 17, 2021
The latest newsletter from member firm Kreston Menon brings us their perspective on the much anticipated Expo 2020 Dubai. Kreston Menon also hosted their own auspicious event, the UAE-Israel Business Meet 2021 – A Hybrid Event. 26 delegates from the Israel Director’s Union joined the Kreston Menon team to share insights on the Israeli-UAE alliance. Read these stories and more about the UAE tax landscape in their newsletter here.
November 16, 2021
September 30, 2021
September 22, 2021
David Whitmer, of CBIZ MHM in the United States, has written a piece for Taxation Magazine on current global issues for transfer pricing.
September 17, 2021
Many audits went ‘virtual’ in 2020, either partially or wholly, accelerating a process that’s been underway for a decade or more. What are the rules, and what is best practice, as they currently stand? And where might they be going in years to come?
Traditionally, audits have relied on the evidence of the auditor’s own senses and have valued physical evidence wherever possible. That has meant auditors on site with clients, reviewing paper records, and getting close enough to touch high-value assets.
With business increasingly being done online, and intangible assets such as software or development costs becoming more common, that has begun to feel, to some, a little anachronistic.
With the rise of secure document transfer protocols, and the drive for end-to-end digital record-keeping through programmes such as Making Tax Digital, digitalisation was already underway.
In 2019, even before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was much excitement around the idea of using drones to conduct stock audits in hard-to-reach locations, such as coal fields.
With climate change on the agenda, too, the idea of sending audit teams out on planes, trains and automobiles by default came under scrutiny. Could this be a way for the audit industry to play its part in reducing carbon emissions?
Then came lockdown, affecting different territories to different degrees at different times. The audit industry was forced to embrace new ways of working overnight – and find ways to ensure the quality and robustness of virtual audits.
As happened across many sectors, auditors and their clients pedalled a little harder to make it work, but there were clear downsides.
In practical terms, the challenges are around obtaining sufficient evidence, and appropriate evidence, as the basis of an audit opinion. Auditors have developed new ways of obtaining audit evidence such as attending stock observations virtually through the use of video facilities. Assessing the reliability of audit evidence is important as limitations in the availability of audit evidence may need to be stated in the audit report.
Less tangibly, and anecdotally, auditors value opportunities for informal, ad-hoc conversation at client premises. Entirely remote audits deny them opportunities to see those client businesses or organisations in operation and to ask questions as and when they arise. This is not only important in reducing audit risk but also because it allows auditors to deliver a better service.
Finally, there are concerns around the reliability of evidence presented digitally. It may sound like science fiction but we already see deepfake technology being used to spoof voices and likenesses in audio and video, in close to real time. Less sophisticated deception might involve relatively simple digital manipulation of documents by, for example, copying signatures from one to another.
In 2020, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), which oversees audit standards worldwide, issued a series of policy statements in response to COVID-19.
Those touched on remote audit only in passing, and only then to underline the importance of adhering to existing principles. And, indeed, on the need to double down on professional scrutiny and scepticism.
Audit standards tend to evolve slowly, over the course of years – and rightly so. Nonetheless, that means we are not likely to see any sweeping policy judgements further encouraging remote audit anytime soon.
As staff return to offices and workplaces, what we’re likely to see is a return to in-person auditing, with some remote audit practices retained as part of the mix.
Where auditors feel confident in providing an opinion based on digital-only evidence, or evidence received by correspondence, they may continue to use it.
That will reduce travel time, reduce the potential burden on clients, while retaining the physical presence of auditors for instances where it can really add the most value.
Contact your local Kreston firm for more information or to talk about how modern audit procedures might work for you. Or contact us at Kreston Global via kreston.com
A global minimum tax rate of 15% was one of the central topics of the June 2021 G7 meeting in Cornwall. It aims to reduce tax competition and profit shifting in all economic sectors. The ultimate goal is to ensure that the global profits of multinational enterprises would be taxed at an effective tax rate. This move would be disadvantageous for some developing countries, while for some others it would be beneficial.
Taxation magazine’s latest piece discusses the potential impact of the proposed G7 minimum tax deal on developing countries.
Below are the key points from the article:
Read the full article here.
August 5, 2021
Right now, the world is changing at a dizzying pace.
Even within the past couple of years, we’ve significantly changed the way we socialise… shop… work… and even use money. (I haven’t seen a chequebook in quite a while, and many people no longer carry cash.)
But all this pales in comparison to the changes we’ve been through over the past 50 years.
Back when I started work – not 50 years ago! – there were 10 people in my team and only one computer.
It’s hard to imagine today!
It’s something I’ve been thinking about a lot, thanks to Kreston’s 50th anniversary. What are the biggest changes we’ve seen in our working lives – and in our industry?
And intriguingly – what are the biggest changes we might expect over the next 50 years, by the time Kreston turns 100?
I’ve jotted down some of my best guesses below. And I’ve also included a condensed version of the thoughts of some of our ‘Purpose Champions’, who have been helping us articulate Kreston Global’s purpose and the difference we make in the world.
I hope you enjoy reading them!
Now for a look at the past 50 years… and a bit of futurology:
>> LIZA ROBBINS:
What is the most significant change to the accounting profession during your work-life?
First, internationalisation. When networks like Kreston were established many people were probably cynical, and dismissed their goals to serve international clients as a pipe dream and/or an unrealistic hobby-horse of the founders.
Most clients did not need international services and if they did that was the domain of the Big 4 (or Big 8 back then!).
Now the world is a global village and most organisations have some aspect of international in their work.
Then, there’s people. The hierarchies (not just in professional services) are breaking down and the old pyramid “command and control” systems are becoming obsolete.
There is a fight for talent – 50 years ago people paid to do articles with a firm in some countries. Now firms are fighting for talent, and fighting against a greater pool of competing employers. The balance of power is changing.
What do you think the most significant change is likely to be over the next 50 years?
We will see new client sectors – perhaps clients operating in the value chain of space travel?
If the global balance of power continues to move toward individuals, will might need representatives in organisations (e.g. The Elon Musk organisation) as opposed to just looking at countries. The implications of individuals becoming more powerful than countries is interesting! Would organisations like Kreston need to pay to have a representative in a business to ensure we stay in that organisation’s value chain radar?
>> SUDHIR KUMAR, Senior Partner, Kreston Menon (UAE)
What is the most significant change to the accounting profession during your work-life?
The move towards outsourcing accounting-related jobs. We’ve seen some large organisations in the UAE reduce the number of accountants in their Finance Department by as much as 90% as a result. The cost saving is phenomenal. The redundant accountants, when this first happened, had to survive by pivoting towards new businesses in the SME industry and start-ups.
What do you think the most significant change is likely to be over the next 50 years?
Cloud Accounting will become the norm. To draw a parallel in the Food & Beverage industry, Dark Kitchens or Cloud kitchens (which specialise only in deliveries – they have no storefront) are predicted to be the future. It’s predicted that leading F&B brands operating virtually out of Cloud stores/Dark stores will outnumber physical stores in 5 years…
Accountants will need to do a 100% transformation and reskilling to be part of the future – like any other professionals.
>> CHARITA CHAVLEISHVILI, HR Manager, Kreston Georgia
What is the most significant change to the accounting profession during your work-life?
There are many more young people coming into this profession.
What do you think the most significant change is likely to be over the next 50 years?
Accounting software programs will replace entry-level employees.
And analytical skills or the ability to see the big picture will be more valuable than knowing the tax code.
>> MEERA RAJAH, Partner, James Cowper Kreston (UK):
What is the most significant change to the accounting profession during your work-life?
A lot has changed during my work-life… The modern accountant is highly skilled in business management. Accounting is much more about driving commercial improvement, commercial finance and the world of targets.
Another big change is the dress code. For decades, a business suit has been required attire for professionals in finance. Indeed, some say that the thin stripes on a pinstripe suit were originally meant to represent the lines on an accounting ledger. The suit reflected seriousness and practicality. It then changed to business casual and now the policy is mostly for staff to wear what is appropriate for the job that day.
Finally, the accounting profession has been traditionally male-dominated but now the presence of women in the accounting profession is overwhelming.
What do you think the most significant change is likely to be over the next 50 years?
Perhaps new forms of regulation and continued globalisation of reporting or disclosure standards. Social and environment considerations are increasing in importance alongside economic concerns in organisations.
>> EDUARDO SOLANA, Project Manager, Transfer Pricing, Kreston BSG (Mexico):
What is the most significant change to the accounting profession during your work-life?
The ability to use technology to build closer relationships and to work more efficiently with clients and colleagues. The pandemic accelerated this process, and it has allowed us to have productive conversations with people on the other side of the world, and to produce better quality work.
What do you think the most significant change is likely to be over the next 50 years?
We’ll see an economy based on cryptocurrencies and the use of the cloud will give us a large database that will give companies better business insights. We’ll see tax authorities taking advantage of these technologies to be able to carry out better planned audits that will help combat, in real time, risky tax strategies.
And how about you? What are your thoughts on the biggest changes we’ve seen – and the ones yet to come?
August 2, 2021
July 29, 2021
Below is the International Accounting Bulletin’s latest piece on the G7 initiative that discusses the post-pandemic options for developing countries in relation to tax, and how they may oppose it.
July 22nd 2021
Ganesh Ramaswamy, Kreston Global Tax Group, Asia Pacific Regional Director
Economists and tax experts in developing countries are of the considered opinion that a global minimum tax rate would take away a tool that developing countries use to push policies that suit them.
Particularly against the backdrop of the pandemic, IMF and World Bank data suggest that developing countries with less ability to offer mega stimulus packages may experience a longer economic hangover than developed nations. Developing countries have been implementing tax cuts since the 1960s as a way of attracting overseas investments and generating more economic activities and employment opportunities. This advantage would no longer be there for developing countries with the advent of minimum floor rate tax.
However, developing countries know very well that tax competition brings more harm than the perceived benefits. Tax cuts come at the cost of public spending on infrastructure, education and health. Serious overseas investors keen to expand business in developing countries would primarily look at infrastructure, lower cost, justice delivery and quality of workforce rather than the tax code of the investee country. To provide these requirements to investors, tax revenues are a must for developing countries. In this context, it’s likely that most developing countries will get behind the G7 deal in due course.
July 27, 2021
HMRC recently published its long-awaited ‘Cryptoassets manual’ signalling that the wait-and-see era might be over when it comes to accounting for Bitcoin and other such cryptocurrencies.
When cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin emerged more than a decade ago, they presented a challenge to global tax authorities – how could this new form of intangible asset be taxed, and investor liability established?
In fact, the challenge seemed so great that many, including the UK tax authority, HMRC, almost seemed to be ignoring the issue. In March 2021, however, it updated the official documentation on this subject.
It refers to cryptoassets, of which cryptocurrencies are a subset. HMRC is clear that it does not regard cryptoassets as currency, or as a form of money, but rather ‘similar in nature to a trade in shares [or] securities’.
The revisions to the manual underline that the important question in deciding on a tax treatment is whether cryptoasset activities amount to a trade. In other words, is investing in and trading cryptoassets a substantial business in its own right?
If an individual is deemed to be trading, HMRC says, receipts and expenses will feed into the calculation of trading profit. Income tax will apply rather than capital gains tax. In the case of companies, cryptoasset profits will be treated as part of trading profits rather than as a chargeable gain.
The changes to the guidance are not yet backed by law in the UK, and there is still no international accounting standard covering cryptoassets.
The IFRS Interpretations Committee last considered cryptoassets and cryptocurrencies in 2019 when it concluded that:
“IAS 2 Inventories applies to cryptocurrencies when they are held for sale in the ordinary course of business. If IAS 2 is not applicable, an entity applies IAS 38 to holdings of cryptocurrencies.”
IAS 2 defines ‘inventories’ as assets held for sale in the ordinary course of business, in the process of production for sale or as materials or supplies to be consumed in the production or delivery of services. IAS 38 refers to ‘intangible assets’ which it defines as any “identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance”.
Because cryptoassets and currencies are not treated as legal tender in any territory, and certainly not by the United Nations or other global bodies, they do not meet the strict IFRS definition of cash, as set out in IAS 32:
Regardless of references such as the above that might apply to cryptocurrencies, the fact remains that, to date, there is no specific accounting standard covering cryptoassets.
As the status of this new type of asset becomes clearer in coming months and years, and as more tax authorities follow HMRC’s lead in determining local policy, we can surely expect to see more concrete global reporting standards emerge.
Contact us for more information or to talk about how your business accounts for cryptoassets.
July 16, 2021
Liza Robbins, our CEO, is featured in this latest piece published by Financial Management. Based around the challenging times in which businesses currently operate, the article talks of the need for finance leaders to tune into what their team members are going through in order to cultivate a productive workplace environment.
“The global crisis has presented leaders with an opportunity to relaunch themselves and learn new skills to motivate teams and drive business performance.” – Liza Robbins
July 10, 2021
Wockhardt Bio AG, a global pharmaceutical company, deals with the development, manufacture and marketing of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical formulations. To further expand its global reach in the pharmaceutical sector, Wockhardt was considering building a facility in Dubai for the production and packaging of its medical products.
Wockhardt approached Kreston Global’s UAE member firm, Kreston Menon, for this strategically important task in 2011. Kreston Menon Corporate Services is a market leader in the company setup service sector and has guided more than 7,000 major investors to incorporate their businesses in the UAE over the past 27 years.
The Corporate Services team developed a business setup solution beginning with the selection of a suitable location for the facility. They proposed two prime free zones in Dubai, namely Dubai Health Care City and Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZA). After a detailed analysis, Kreston Menon advised registering a branch company with Dubai Science Park under the Dubai Development Authority and to obtain a commercial license with the activities ‘import/export, marketing and sales promotion and support services’ belonging to Therapeutics segment.
Ongoing post incorporation support services were provided by Kreston Menon, which included obtaining external approvals, visa processing for the workforce, license renewals, approvals for office fitouts and all the required compliances for the entity to function.
In 2015, Wockhardt decided to set up its medicines (antibiotics) manufacturing and packaging facility in JAFZA and was again guided by Kreston Menon. It was a strategic move as JAFZA is home to 306 healthcare and pharmaceutical companies from 54 countries.
Currently, the facility is equipped with fully automated manufacturing equipment spread over 10,000 sq. meters of space, self-sufficient for handling manufacturing operations, warehousing, product stability and testing. UAE’s pharmaceutical and healthcare market is expected to increase by an additional Dh12.45 billion ($3.4 billion) from 2019 to 2021.
Murtaza Khorakiwala, Managing Director of Wockhardt said “Kreston Menon have been important business advisers for Wockhardt as we set up our UAE operation which has been a major success. From initial on- the- ground advice, to ongoing expansion support, they guided us through local requirements and helped us to take advantage of real estate and regulatory opportunities.”
July 9, 2021
LONDON – Kreston International, one of the world’s largest accounting networks, has today announced that it has rebranded to become Kreston Global, positioning the network for its next phase of growth and evolution. The rebrand takes place as Kreston celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2021, and as its profile continues to grow around the globe.
With a refreshed visual identity and a new website, the Kreston Global brand is now an even more powerful asset for member firms operating in a truly digital-first environment. The new brand also enables a more flexible framework for inclusion of member firms’ local names and brands, ensuring local relevance while cementing the firm’s connection to Kreston’s substantial global reach and resources.
Since its foundation in 1971 as one of the earliest accounting networks, Kreston Global has grown to a network of 170 independent firms in more than 120 countries around the world. With five decades’ experience of world class client service, Kreston continues to be a top partner of choice for dynamic businesses and individuals with international ambitions.
Liza Robbins, Chief Executive of Kreston Global, said:
“As Kreston celebrates its 50th anniversary, the time was right to evolve our name and brand to ensure it truly represents the colourful, accessible and deeply connected network that is Kreston Global. The world continues to emerge from the pandemic to a more digital-first environment than ever before, presenting unique challenges to organisations wanting to stand out and communicate effectively with clients and other stakeholders. With a newly refreshed brand, we are now able to support and empower our member firms around the world more effectively than ever before, as well as take our global brand profile to the next level.”
The new Kreston Global identity and logo was developed by Akiko Design, a UK-based web design and development agency.
July 8, 2021