Luc is a Director of VAT at Kreston VDN in Belgium and a Certified Tax Adviser ITAA.
Luc is relatively new to the network, having joined Kreston VDN in January 2021, although he is very well known and respected in Belgium as a result of many years in the profession, including a Big 4 firm, in the Tax Administration in Brussels and for his profile as a result of publishing a large number of books on international and domestic VAT matters and having presented and lectured on the subject.
Luc wanted to join the leadership team given his experience in previously seeing an international network move from being a group of local specialists to a collaborative team with an international VAT and other indirect tax network. He knows what we need to do to continue to grow and wants to help us achieve our goals.
Belgium
September 11, 2023
News
Letisko M.R.Štefánika – Airport Bratislava, a.s. (BTS), Slovakia
August 21, 2023
Letisko M.R.Štefánika – Airport Bratislava, a.s. (BTS) owns and runs BTS Aero International Airport in Bratislava which is the largest of the five airports in Slovakia with more than 550 employees. As demand for passenger and cargo air transport increases, many airports face challenges with staffing capacity and how to utilise existing personnel more efficiently. BTS was no different and asked Kreston Slovakia to review its operations and work out how best to deploy its employees’ skills across multiple areas.
This would also require creating new employment contracts which needed collective agreement with the various labour unions involved.
Eva Nemšáková, partner at Kreston Slovakia co-led the team with Július Činčala. They analysed the processes across operational departments and carried out a complete review of the 550+ employment contracts. They then created a new work structure, combining workloads and re-organising shift arrangements along with proposed new salary levels. The whole project also required legal services relating to the workforce changes and legal advice on negotiating the collective agreement with the union
“We were impressed with Kreston Slovakia’s professional approach and the expertise of the team, which was reflected in the quality of the deliverables, the satisfaction of our employees with the new employment contracts and how quickly the collective bargaining agreement with the unions was concluded. We are extremely pleased to have gained a strong partner in Kreston Slovakia, particularly in the area of legal representation and advice.”
Jaroslav Víťazka, CFO at BTS
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GATE, Slovakia
GATE is a popular fashion brand based in Slovakia and operates online stores across eight European countries.
The company wanted to automate the supply and transaction processes in all of its e-shop locations. This required an IT system that embedded the different payment methods, VAT structures and cash-on-delivery arrangements of the countries where it operated. The company also plans to expand into other markets so automating these operations would become even more important.
The management at GATE instructed Kreston Slovakia to carry out the work, with the team led by Vladimír Bartoš and Július Činčala. The firm already advised GATE on tax, accounting and payroll matters and was able to provide its IT technology expertise for this project.
The team prepared VAT Group registration and Group VAT OSS on goods deliveries within EU countries. Specialists also automated processes on matching payment gateways for eight countries and cash-on-deliveries of outgoing B2C invoices.
Now the company can match and track all sales (B2C) within OSS, including returns to customers.
“We were blown away by the exceptional quality and incredible results this has delivered, and we are glad that Kreston Slovakia is our advisor not only in the field of tax and accounting, but also in the field of process management and IT.”
Milan Glavo, Group CFO at GATE.
News
Ministry of Healthcare, Slovakia
August 11, 2023
The Ministry of Healthcare in Slovakia covers 105 institutions, including hospitals, universities, regional health organisations and medical treatment institutes. It asked Kreston Slovakia to review and provide practical solutions in four core areas:
Enterprise Architecture
IT structure and data sharing
Cybersecurity
Energy Management
The Kreston team was led by partner Andrej Aleksiev who organised specialist groups for each discipline. The Enterprise Architecture work looked at the overall structure and operation of the Ministry and then targeted three crucial departments. The focus was on creating better internal systems for sharing best practices, optimising processes and implementing a new energy management system. The results include reduced inefficiencies, greater collaboration between departments and stronger decision-making via better data governance.
Improving how the Ministry’s computer systems share data and work together involved analysing the current set-up and providing practical steps to achieve the IHE (HL7) standard. The successful project has led to better patient care through more accurate data, faster and more streamlined processes while reducing data entry errors. Another team looked at the Ministry’s cybersecurity and started by auditing every single institution in the Ministry. This revealed potential vulnerabilities and led to practical measures to minimise risks, strengthen data protection and a plan to enhance cyber defences.
The fourth area to be addressed was energy management within the Ministry. A detailed analysis identified energy-saving opportunities and substantial cost-savings. The work also highlighted ways to reduce the Ministry’s carbon footprint and integrate renewable energy sources.
L’ubomir Mihálik, Project Manager at the Ministry of Healthcare, says the whole project has transformed the Ministry: “The impact has been profound, with patient care and safety reaching new heights due to improved access to comprehensive and accurate data. “The Kreston team genuinely cared about our organization’s well-being and took pride in helping us build a resilient and secure environment for the benefit of our patients and stakeholders. The work with Kreston has also greatly improved our healthcare facilities’ sustainability and energy efficiency.”
Global vacancies
Thomas Wohlschlager
Austrian VAT specialist
This guide is an overview of the Austrian Value Added Tax (“VAT”) system, focussed on how it affects foreign businesses trading with Austria. It is general in nature and unlikely to cover the specifics of your scenario. It should be read as such and not be construed as advice. For advice as to how your business is affected by Austrian VAT please contact a Kreston Global Austrian VAT specialist.
Austria
August 8, 2023
News
D. Med, Germany
August 4, 2023
D.med Healthcare is a privately owned healthcare company, headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany, and operating globally in over 20 countries as a provider of medical services and products with a focus on renal care, diabetes, and other aspects of medical care.
Our Swiss audit and assurance firm, Kreston a&o, led by Emre Özdemir, assisted D.med in managing and accurately disclosing financial information across their extensive network of subsidiaries worldwide.
Thanks to Kreston a&o’s experience in managing a number of multinational organisations, Emre and the team were able to ensure accurate financial data reporting across the organisation. Through the implementation of efficient structures and processes, and working closely with many stakeholders, as well as legal compliance requirements, this complex assignment was delivered on time and has built a strong foundation for long-term success.
“I have had the utmost pleasure of a nine-year collaboration with Mr. Emre Özdemir and the audit team at Kreston, and I am thrilled to express my deep appreciation for their exceptional services. As D.med Healthcare Group navigated the challenges of maintaining transparency, accuracy, and compliance within our unique international setup, Kreston provided invaluable insights that compelled us to adopt a proactive approach to internal controls. Their thorough evaluation of our financial statements during the annual audits instilled trust and confidence in our stakeholders, while ensuring compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements.”
Aleksandra Uzunovska, Accounting Director, D. Med
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A guide to setting up a business in Italy
August 3, 2023
Kreston TDL Italy, a member of Kreston Global’s international network, has created a detailed 128-page guide to setting up a business in Italy. This guide is for anyone investing in Italy, to help you navigate the Italian business landscape.
The guide offers an in-depth analysis of various aspects integral to operating a business in Italy. It begins with an introduction to the country’s corporate and legal structures, including an exploration of different business entity forms. Subsequent sections delve into setup and liquidation procedures, the intricacies of mergers and acquisitions, and the responsibilities arising from corporate criminal liability.
Understanding taxes in Italy
Kreston TDL’s guide shines a light on Italy’s complex taxation system. Covering corporate taxes, business income, VAT, and individual income taxation, the guide provides an exhaustive exploration of main incentives, anti-avoidance measures, and withholding taxes. It also presents in-depth knowledge on VAT registration, returns, deductibility, and the mechanisms behind international supplies of goods and services.
Business laws in Italy
The guide further examines various legal aspects like customs, excise, import VAT, accounting procedures, filing requirements, and audit systems. In addition, it offers comprehensive advice on potentially challenging areas like transfer pricing, bankruptcy, reorganisation, debt restructuring procedures, and employment laws.
Local experts
The guide offers you invaluable technical insights from Kreston TDL’s team of experts, to help you make informed decisions and save time and money setting up a business in Italy correctly.
Established in 1985, Studio TDL is an independent Italian firm that specialises in tax, corporate and labour consultancy, and administrative outsourcing services. With a team of Certified Accountants, Statutory Auditors, and Labour Consultants, the firm caters to multinational companies and groups, capitalising on its long-standing relationships with major international professional firms.
The quality of Studio TDL’s services is driven by the team’s high level of expertise. They offer a wide range of services in tax, corporate, accounting, and labour matters, serving both local and international clients. This is supported by the latest methodologies and a vast network of international relations.
Studio TDL’s professionals are active contributors at conferences and trade magazines and are members of study commissions set up by relevant professional institutes in Milan. This engagement, alongside their in-house Study Centre, allows them to maintain current knowledge and develop best practices. As such, they can provide reliable support for even the most complex operations. Their in-depth understanding of the Italian business environment makes Studio TDL a go-to source for business setup and operations in Italy.
Carmen Cojocaru is a highly qualified professional with extensive experience in the fields of accounting, audit, tax, and business process outsourcing. Additionally, Carmen’s involvement with the ESG committee and Kreston Global highlights her commitment to promoting ethical business practices and fostering sustainable growth within the industry.
EFRAG approves European Commission’s adoption of European Sustainability Reporting Standards
August 2, 2023
EFRAG has approved the European Commission’s adoption of European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). The European Commission adopted the first ESRS, set on July 31, 2023. This is mandated by the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and covers environmental, social, and governance matters. The adoption represents a significant step towards relevant and comparable sustainability reporting and identifying sustainability-related financial risks and opportunities for companies.
The European Commission adopted the ESRS after a comprehensive process that began in September 2020. EFRAG played a significant role in this procedure, including submitting a preparatory work report to the European Commission in February 2021, launching a public consultation on Exposure Drafts of ESRS in April 2022, and providing Technical Advice to the European Commission on the final draft standards delivered in November 2022.
EFRAG is putting significant efforts into developing standards for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Additionally, they are actively preparing guidance to encourage the implementation and interoperability of ESRS with overlapping ISSB standards, contributing to the joint work with the ISSB and ensuring the interoperability of ESRS with other relevant international standards.
On August 23, the EFRAG SRB will have a public session to receive an update on the first draft of the EFRAG Implementation Guidance and FAQ regarding materiality assessment (MAIG) and value chain (VCIG). Papers related to this will be posted on or before August 16, 2023. The EFRAG SRB and EFRAG SR TEG will also review the responses to the European Commission’s consultation for feedback on the Have Your Say portal on the draft ESRS to identify priority areas for further guidance. Furthermore, EFRAG will soon establish a single access point on its website for stakeholders to ask questions about the ESRS application.
Since its inception, EFRAG has aimed to contribute to the progress of sustainability reporting worldwide while preventing EU preparers and users from having to report multiple times. During its public session on August 23, 2023, the EFRAG SRB will receive an update on interoperability with other major standard-setting initiatives. The SRB acknowledges the excellent progress made in interoperability between the ESRS adopted by the European Commission and the ISSB standards published in June (IFRS S 1 and S 2). Additionally, the SRB will receive an update on joint efforts to promote straightforward interoperability of ESRS and ISSB climate-related standards. EFRAG and the GRI have approved a joint statement acknowledging a high level of commonality and the possibility for ESRS reporting entities to report regarding GRI, which will also be submitted to the EFRAG SRB.
According to the SRB, there has been significant advancement in the development of SME standards(both for listed SMEs (LSME) and for voluntary use (VSME)). The progress on sector standards is ongoing, but the European Commission will provide updated information on the timeline in the fall.
To learn more about your ESG reporting obligations, visit our Sustainability pages.
News
Kreston Reeves strengthens Private Client legal team with two new solicitors
July 24, 2023
Accountants, business, and wealth advisers Kreston Reeves has strengthened its Private Client Legal team with two new solicitors.
Jenn Trussler joins from Irwin Mitchell and Lily Parisi joins from Sussex law firm GWCA Solicitors. Both bring to the firm experience and expertise in advising individuals and families on Wills, Powers of Attorney, Probate and Estate Administration, Inheritance Tax and Trusts.
The 10-strong legal team at Kreston Reeves works alongside its tax and private client tax wealth management teams providing individuals and families with the advice and support needed to navigate an increasingly complex world.
Simon Levine, Partner and Joint Head of the Legal Services team at Kreston Reeves said: “Our clients increasingly need a holistic view when managing their personal affairs, and Kreston Reeves with its combination of legal, tax and wealth planning provides the perfect solution. It is at the heart of our purpose to guide our clients, colleagues and communities to a brighter future.
“We are delighted to announce the appointments of Jenn and Lily and look forward to the contributions they will make as they build and develop their careers at Kreston Reeves.”
News
The Netherlands and Serbia member firms announce partnership
Wouter Morsink, Partner Audit & Assurance at Lentink De Jonge Accountants & Adviseurs, commented, ‘Today we signed an exclusive partnership agreement with Kreston MDM in which we will work together within our Kreston Global network in the field of audit and assurance related services. An important part of the partnership is the support from Kreston MDM on national and international audit assignments. In addition, Lentink De Jonge Accountants & Adviseurs will support Kreston MDM in further developing data analytical technologies, for example using PowerBI. By cooperating with our partner in Belgrade, we can broaden the capacity in the Dutch audit practice, but also show that working together between Kreston Global members is not limited by borders. We at Lentink De Jonge Accountants & Adviseurs are very pleased with the partnership! Many thanks to our leaders Sebastian Stavorinus, Danny van Otichem and Jelena Mihic Munjic and Ivana Stolic. We are looking forward working together!’
By joining forces, these firms not only expand their own capabilities but also demonstrate the power of cross-border cooperation within the Kreston Global network. Such partnerships foster innovation, enhance expertise, and ultimately deliver greater value to clients and stakeholders. Together, they pave the way for a future where collaboration knows no boundaries, enabling industry-wide advancements and transformative outcomes.
Click here to learn more about doing business in the Netherlands or Serbia.
News
Client update July 2023
July 7, 2023
Read our July Client Update 2023, with a wealth of insights from our experts across the network.
Our Chief Executive, Liza Robbins, explores the challenges of doing business internationally in a conversation with Raconteur.
VAT Expert, Luc Heylens, sheds light on how VAT in the Digital Age package is set to tackle fraud.
Tarek Zouari‘s insights unearth the potential of Africa’s green economy.
Join Dr J.P. Gupta from Kreston SNR Advisors LLP, who will chair the upcoming International Climate Summit: 2023.
Read, share, and let us know your thoughts!
Global business risks; Liza Robbins speaks to Raconteur
Kreston Global Chief Executive, Liza Robbins, discusses the challenges of doing business internationally, as we enter a “low-growth, low-investment and low-cooperation era” in an interview with Raconteur.
VAT expert, Luc Heylens from the Kreston MDS network in Belgium, discusses the VAT in a Digital Age package. This package is a set of measures developed to modernise and make the EU’s Value-Added Tax (VAT) system work better for businesses and more resilient to fraud by embracing and promoting digitalisation.
Africa’s green economy; opportunities and challenges
Investments in Africa are rising, particularly within the burgeoning African “green economy”. Tarek Zouari, the Managing Partner and founder of Exco Tunisia highlights this area as a prime opportunity for foreign investors in an interview with Wealth Briefing Magazine.
Dr J.P. Gupta, Chairman of the Kreston SNR Advisors LLP Board in India, has been appointed chair for the upcoming International Climate Summit: 2023.
This summit, taking place on 14 and 15 September 2023 in New Delhi, will explore utilising green hydrogen and alternative fossil fuels.
With a focus on the theme “Sustainability Through Green Growth,” this event aims to gather global leaders and experts to engage in meaningful discussions about combating climate change. The event already has over 58,000 online registrants.
Exxon Mobil, one of the world’s largest oil and gas companies, appointed member firm Exco GHA Mauritanie to carry out accounting, tax and payroll services for three of their subsidiaries in Mauritania.
If you are interested in expanding into Mauritania, read the latest tax guide and investment advice, written by experts from EXCO GHA Mauritanie.
Olena Nikolaieva of Kreston Ukraine Elected to the Board of the Audit Chamber of Ukraine
June 30, 2023
Kreston Global is pleased to share that Olena Nikolaieva, Director of Quality at Kreston Ukraine, has been elected to the Board of the Audit Chamber of Ukraine. This notable achievement was announced at the regular Congress of Auditors held in Kyiv on June 24, 2023.
Role of the Board of the Audit Chamber of Ukraine
The Audit Chamber of Ukraine is a self-regulatory organisation that oversees the national auditing profession. The Board plays a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing the standards of auditors’ professional activity, ensuring their independence, and promoting the development of the audit profession in Ukraine.
The Importance of Auditing in Ukraine
In the current challenging times, the auditing profession remains a key pillar of financial stability in Ukraine. The role of auditors in ensuring the reliability of financial statements is essential for both Ukrainian society and those who support the country.
Kreston Ukraine Audit’s Vision for the Future
Olena’s election to the Board is a great example of Kreston Ukraine’s ongoing commitment to the development of the auditing profession in Ukraine and contributing to the growth and integrity of the profession.
We congratulate Olena Nikolaieva on her new position and acknowledge her exceptional work in the field of auditing. Her dedication to upholding professional standards sets a valuable example, and we look forward to her contributions in her new role.
Stuart is an FCA-qualified chartered accountant with more than 10 years of practical accounting and audit experience.
He leads the technical developments for Duncan & Toplis. This covers audit, financial reporting and maintaining quality of work.
He has recently been appointed to Duncan & Toplis’ operations board and become a member of the ICAEW’s influential Ethics Advisory Committee. Stuart also sits on the Kreston Global ESG Committee.
International Sustainability Standards Board issues first reporting standards
June 28, 2023
On 26 June 2023, The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) issued its first two reporting standards, IFRS S1 and IFRS S2.
The need for global consistency: ISSB’s first reporting standards
The issuing of these inaugural standards signifies the “ushering in a new era of sustainability-related disclosures in capital markets worldwide”.
One of the most significant limiting factors to the effectiveness of climate reporting has been the number of different bases on which entities report on. There has been a desperate need for global consistency. It is hoped that the release of these standards will be a turning point for the disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities specific to individual entities.
These first two standards build on the ISSB’s objectives to;
Develop standards for a global baseline of sustainability disclosures meeting the information needs of global investors.
Enable companies to provide comprehensive, decision-useful sustainability information to global capital markets.
Deliver a common language of sustainability disclosures, with the flexibility for regional ‘building blocks’ to be added by regulators when necessary to meet local and multi-stakeholder information needs.
IFRS S1: General requirements for disclosure of sustainability-related financial information
S1 covers the general requirements for disclosure of sustainability-related financial information.
S1 sets the scene for the specific requirements of S2 and for future sustainability standards covering areas other than climate.
S1 adopts the structure of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). S1 also refers to other standards and frameworks in the absence of a specific ISSB standard.
The standard’s main objective is to “require an entity to disclose information about its sustainability-related risks and opportunities that is useful to users of general-purpose financial reports in making decisions relating to providing resources to the entity.”
There is a requirement that an entity discloses information about all such risks and opportunities that could reasonably be expected to affect the entity’s prospects.
S1 prescribes how an entity prepares and reports such disclosures, setting out general requirements for the content and presentation of those disclosures so that the information is useful to the users of that information.
In particular, the standard requires that an entity provides disclosures about:
the governance processes, controls and procedures the entity uses to monitor, manage and oversee sustainability-related risks and opportunities;
the entity’s strategy for managing sustainability-related risks and opportunities;
the processes the entity uses to identify, assess, prioritise and monitor sustainability-related risks and opportunities; and
the entity’s performance in relation to sustainability-related risks and opportunities, including progress towards any targets the entity has set or is required to meet by law or regulation.
IFRS S2: Climate-related disclosures to drive sustainable decision-making
S2 covers the specific requirements of climate-related disclosures.
The main objective of the standard is to “require an entity to disclose information about its climate-related risks and opportunities that is useful to users of general-purpose financial reports in making decisions relating to providing resources to the entity.”
S2 also incorporates the TCFD recommendations and guidance and includes a requirement to provide industry-specific disclosures. Industry-specific metrics are included as illustrative guidance, taken from SASB standards.
S2 specifically applies to:
climate-related risks to which the entity is exposed, which are:
climate-related physical risks; and
climate-related transition risks; and
climate-related opportunities available to the entity.
In particular, the standard requires that an entity provides disclosures about:
the governance processes, controls and procedures the entity uses to monitor, manage and oversee climate-related risks and opportunities;
the entity’s strategy for managing climate-related risks and opportunities;
the processes the entity uses to identify, assess, prioritise and monitor climate-related risks and opportunities, including whether and how those processes are integrated into and inform the entity’s overall risk management process; and
the entity’s performance in relation to its climate-related risks and opportunities, including progress towards any climate-related targets it has set, and any targets it is required to meet by law or regulation.
Effective date and adoption: Understanding the timeline for implementing ISSB Standards
Both standards are effective for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024, early adoption is permitted as long as both standards are applied.
Voluntary adoption and potential assurance requirements for entities
Adoption of the standards is voluntary. However, local jurisdictions may make their adoption mandatory for certain classes of entities.
At this stage there are no specific assurance requirements in place. However, analysis provided by IFAC would indicate that of the entities reviewed that did report some ESG information, over 50% have obtained some level of assurance on that information between 2019 – 2021.
Assurance has been gained from the entity’s auditor (who provides the majority) and other service providers.
Although there are no specific international ESG assurance standards currently set, the majority of assurance work was performed under ISAE 3000 (revised). The vast majority of reviews obtained limited assurance with c10% obtaining reasonable assurance.
Future plans: ISSB’s global promotion and consultation on additional reporting elements
The ISSB will be promoting the standards worldwide, working with local jurisdictions and focusing on the standard’s connectivity with financial statements. There is also currently a public consultation on four projects to further understand the standard-setting priorities covering ecosystems, human capital, human rights and integration in reporting. Further standards covering other elements of ESG are likely to follow.
European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) and Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD): Aligning with ISSB efforts
In addition to the ISSB standards, EFRAG has been developing the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS – 12).
These standards have a mandatory implementation for applicable entities with a progressive phase-in period over several years, with early adoption being encouraged.
The standards have a comprehensive coverage of ESG matters, not just focusing on climate to start with.
The standards have the concept of double materiality and the ESG reports must be made in the management report, at the same time as the financial statements.
The standards also have a mandatory assurance element, starting as limited but moving to reasonable over time.
EFRAG is working with the ISSB to promote interoperability.
The European standards certainly seem to have built on the international ones so far, and are mandatory with a mandatory assurance element.
Conclusion
The introduction of the two SS standards is a pivotal moment in the reporting of ESG matters.
They provide a basis for international comparability and help bring ESG matters to the forefront of investors’ decision-making.
More will follow but this is a vital moment in the battle towards net zero. Read more about global ESG developments on our sustainability hub.
News
Doron Rozenblum
Managing Partner, Kreston-Ezra Yehuda-Rozenblum, Israel, Kreston Global Internal Audit Group Chair
Doron is the Managing Partner of Kreston-Ezra Yehuda-Rozenblum in Israel, leading the Risk Advisory Services division. With over two decades of experience in risk management and internal auditing, he excels in identifying operational risks and enhancing internal audit efficiency. Doron is also the Vice President of The Institute of Internal Auditors in Israel. He has a broad experience in all aspects of accounting, auditing and financial management. Direct experience with oil & gas, real estate, financial consulting and venture capital.
Herb is a highly experienced auditor and is a financial expert with over 45 years of experience in business, accounting, and audit, having served as a Senior Audit Partner at Deloitte. He holds certifications from the National Association of Corporate Directors and the Private Directors Association, with knowledge of private company governance and effective risk management. He has extensive knowledge in the financial services sector, including asset management and insurance.
Cloud technology, digital assets and the future of accounting
In an article recently published by the International Accounting Bulletin, Doron Rozenblum and Herbert M. Chain, elaborate on the profound changes sweeping across the profession. These changes are primarily driven by the adoption of cloud technology and the emergence of digital assets such as cryptocurrencies. To read the full article, read the latest audit and assurance supplement by the International Accounting Bulletin (paywall), or read the summary below.
Cloud technology changing accounting practices
As the authors point out, the widespread adoption of cloud technology in recent years has significantly transformed the accounting landscape. Businesses are capitalising on the numerous benefits offered by cloud-based accounting systems, including improved accessibility, cost-efficiency, and scalability. Real-time collaboration, streamlined workflow, and faster financial reporting have been made possible due to this technology.
Nonetheless, this digital transformation also introduces challenges in maintaining data integrity, security, and privacy. With financial data being stored on remote servers, it’s imperative that stringent security measures are employed by cloud service providers. Moreover, accountants need to acquire the necessary technical skills to effectively navigate and integrate these cloud platforms.
The rise of digital assets
Cryptocurrencies, a notable example of digital assets, are also playing a significant role in reshaping the future of accounting and attestation. While they provide alternative forms of digital currency offering transparency, security, and efficiency, their volatile nature poses challenges in valuation and recognition. Furthermore, concerns surrounding the ownership and control of cryptocurrencies necessitate the development of enhanced attestation services.
Blockchain technology, which underpins most cryptocurrencies, presents unique opportunities for accountants. It can facilitate the auditing of smart contracts and cryptocurrency transactions for accuracy and compliance. However, this also necessitates the development of an understanding of blockchain protocols, and the skills needed to audit clients engaged in the digital asset space.
The future of accounting and attestation
The convergence of cloud technology and digital assets signifies a shift in the accounting and attestation landscape. While it offers enhanced capabilities, it also requires professionals to equip themselves with new skill sets, knowledge, and a proactive approach to addressing concerns related to data security and regulatory compliance. The opportunities these technological advancements present for accountants to position themselves as trusted advisors in the digital age of finance are significant.
Opportunities for accountants; a case study
In a case study discussed in the article, a digital asset technology firm required Service Organisation Control (SOC) 1 Type II and SOC 2 Type II examinations. These examinations provide opportunities for accountants to engage in attest work. Specifically, these opportunities arise in the independent evaluation of a client’s controls and processes that may impact its customers’ financial reporting (SOC 1), and the assessment of the client’s security controls and availability of their platform (SOC 2).
Moreover, the readiness assessment stage involves accountants assessing the client’s current operations and determining its preparedness to maintain an annual SOC. This involves identifying existing controls, determining which controls should be in place, and identifying gaps for remediation.
During the examination phase, accountants verify the scope of the SOC examinations, confirm changes to control areas, and identify the client’s controls through walk-throughs, observations, and inspections of evidence. They then test the suitability of the design and operational effectiveness of controls.
Overall, these processes highlight significant opportunities for accountants in attest work, offering them a chance to play a crucial role in evaluating and enhancing the effectiveness of clients’ controls and processes.
*The original article was authored by Doron Rozenblum, Chair of Kreston’s Global Internal Audit and Risk Group and Managing Partner at Kreston EYR, Israel, and Herbert M. Chain, Assistant Technical Director for Kreston’s Global Audit Group and Director at CBIZ MHM, USA.
News
A guide to starting a business in the Netherlands
Kreston Global firms in the Netherlands have recently expanded resources for entrepreneurs with its latest guide to starting a business in the Netherlands. This useful new guide offers practical insights and tips to facilitate a smooth transition into the Netherlands business landscape.
The guide provides a practical roadmap for entrepreneurs looking to establish a business in the Netherlands. It serves as an efficient tool, highlighting the most critical issues businesses might face when entering the Dutch market. However, the guide does not aim to be exhaustive, given the wide range of potential business scenarios and constraints.
Expert consultation from Kreston Global
To supplement the guide, Kreston Global encourages entrepreneurs to consult with their member firms located in the Netherlands for more detailed information. Whether it’s a question about the basics or a complex concern, the team is ready to provide expert advice.
Flexibility and liberal framework of Dutch law
According to Dutch law, a foreign individual or company can operate in the Netherlands through either an incorporated or unincorporated entity or branch. The guide elaborates on the flexible and liberal framework that Dutch corporate law provides for the organization of subsidiaries or branches.
The essentials of starting a business in the Netherlands
The guide offers a holistic approach to doing business in the Netherlands, covering a variety of key areas. These include starting a business, finding a location, understanding subsidies and financing, complying with tax legislation, managing personnel, and a list of useful addresses.
No matter where you are in your entrepreneurial journey, “Doing business in the Netherlands” is designed to equip you with the knowledge and resources you need to succeed. Backed by Kreston Global’s extensive network of eight member firms active in the Dutch region, this guide marks a significant step towards supporting global entrepreneurs in this internationally-focused and strategically positioned base for Europe.
If you are looking to expand your business into the Netherlands, read the doing business in the Netherlands guide. If you would like to speak to one of our firms in the Netherlands, please get in touch.
Luc works as a VAT expert at Kreston MDS in Beersel at Kreston VDN. He began his career as an inspector with the Belgian VAT Authorities. He provides VAT expertise and advice for the mid-market and SMEs. Luc has also worked within a large big 4 company as VAT director. He is specialised in EU VAT matters, cross border trade and real estate issues.
VAT in the digital age
May 23, 2023
On 8 December 2022, the European Commission launched the VAT in a Digital Age package, a series of measures to modernise and make the EU’s Value-Added Tax (VAT) system work better for businesses and more resilient to fraud by embracing and promoting digitalisation.
VAT in the Digital Age package (“ViDA”)
This “VAT in the Digital Age package” (“ViDA”) has 3 pillars : • Digital Reporting Requirements (DRR) • Platform Economy • Single EU VAT Registration
Member States lost €93 billion in VAT revenues in 2020 according to the 2022 VAT Gap report of the EU. Conservative estimates suggest that one-quarter of the missing revenues can be attributed directly to VAT fraud linked to intra-EU trade. In addition, VAT arrangements in the EU can still be burdensome for businesses, especially for SMEs, scale-ups and other companies that operate cross-border. The package of proposals is in fact draft amendments to three pieces of EU legislation. The proposed changes still need to be adopted by the Member States.
Real-time digital reporting based on E-invoicing
For ViDA to become effective, the proposal will need unanimous consent from all 27 EU Member States. If adopted by all Member States, the changes proposed by ViDA will gradually become effective between 1 January 2024 and 1 January 2028.
Streamlining cross-border transactions with real-time digital reporting
Real-time digital reporting based on e-invoicing for businesses that operate cross-border in the EU The new system introduces real-time digital reporting for VAT purposes based on e-invoicing that will give Member States valuable information they need to step up the fight against VAT fraud, especially carousel fraud.
Changes in electronic invoicing and reporting deadlines
The ‘Digital Reporting Requirements’ is any obligation for VAT-taxable persons to submit data periodically or continuously in a digital way on all (most of) their transactions, including by means of mandatory e-invoicing, to the tax authorities.
Below, the most important changes are indicated :
• The proposal changes the legislation, providing that electronic invoicing will be the default system for the issuance of invoices for cross-border B2B transactions within the EU from 2028. There will be no thresholds or exemptions for small businesses; • From 1 January 2024, the definition of an electronic invoice will change. These invoices must be issued in a structured format. The condition that the recipient must accept electronic invoices will no longer be required; • The deadline for issuance of e-invoices for intra-community supplies of goods and services that are subject to a reverse charge is two days after the chargeable event took place; • The deadline for digital reporting of intra Community transactions will be 2 days after the issuance of the invoice or when the invoice should have been issued; • Real-time reporting will be introduced to replace the existing system of intra-Community declarations. The new system should allow Member States to exchange information on VAT returns in cross-border transactions much more quickly; • Member states will be allowed to establish additional real-time reporting systems for transactions to private individuals or domestic transactions but based on the common reporting system; • Extension of the definition of intra Community distance sales of goods to cover second-hand goods, works of art, collectors’ items and antiques. • Discontinuation of the call-off stock simplifications as of 31 December 2025 as those can be covered under the One Stop Shop (OSS).
VAT responsibilities in the platform economy
Under the new rules, platform economy operators, in particular the short-term rental of tourist accommodation and passenger transport will become responsible for collecting and remitting VAT to tax authorities when their users do not, for example because they are a small business or individual provider (deemed suppliers). From 2025, these platforms will be made responsible for VAT payments in certain situations (C2C and C2B transactions). The implementing regulation stipulates that the platform is subject to VAT in all cases where the provider has not provided a valid VAT number.
Further : • The extension of the OSS return to e-commerce and own stock movements across EU borders; • Call-off stock withdrawal as traders will be able to use OSS (see above); • Marketplaces become deemed suppliers for their EU sellers’ B2C goods sales across EU borders; • The Import One Stop Shop (IOSS) to become mandatory for marketplaces which have facilitated their sellers’ imported goods sales; • The proposal clarifies the VAT treatment of services provided by platforms. These will be subject to VAT in the country where the underlying facilitated transaction for VAT purposes takes place.
The introduction of a single VAT registration across the EU
Building on the already existing ‘VAT One Stop Shop’ model for online shopping companies, the proposals would allow businesses selling to consumers in another Member State to register only once for VAT purposes for the entire EU, and to fulfil their VAT obligations via a single online portal in one single language. Further measures to improve the collection of VAT include making the ‘Import One Stop Shop’ mandatory for certain platforms facilitating sales to consumers in the EU. The following new rules will be introduced :
• The e-commerce package success of One-Stop-Shop VAT return for distance selling will be extended to movements of own stock by e-commerce sellers prior to B2C e-commerce sale (B2B2C transactions); • The SVR will enable businesses to charge, report and manage their entire EU VAT through their domestic tax authorities, including eventually the entire audit process; • The stock movement remains taxable with two transactions – arrival and sale. Both would be reported in the OSS, which would need additional information added to be reported to the member state of identification (where OSS is registered); • This will eliminate the need for hundreds of thousands of foreign VAT registrations for e-commerce sellers; • All B2B deliveries by foreigners to registered customers will be subject to the reverse charge of tax. The reverse charge transactions must be indicated by the supplier in its EU sales listing (from 2025), and are subject to (real-time) intra-EU reporting (from 2028). Under the current system, such a shift is only optional. Most countries have some form of reverse charge, but impose their own country-specific conditions, which makes the VAT rules for foreign registrations very complex; • Extension of deemed supplier: Where this is facilitated by a marketplace, the VAT on the local domestic sale to the consumer will flip to the marketplace as the deemed supplier. The exception is sales in the country where the seller is resident. • This is irrespective of where the seller is established, meaning an extension from the 2021 e-commerce package for just non-EU to include EU sellers. This will level the playing field; • The seller will use OSS to report the zero-rated taxable acquisition to the marketplace. B2B transactions under the scenario would be zero-rated for VAT. The disadvantage of this option is that it would favour sellers using marketplaces and penalise their own website sales which would still be responsible for the domestic VAT reporting.
Considering readiness for digital VAT
These proposals and possible changes will probably have a significant impact on companies’ systems and processes. Businesses operating in the EU should start to consider their readiness for the changes should they come into force, particularly in respect of the systems changes that would be required for standardised e-invoicing. The simplification regime (OSS) if implemented, offers opportunities for businesses to streamline their reporting obligations.
News
Stuart Brown
Kreston Global ESG Committee member, Head of Technical and Compliance at Duncan & Toplis
Stuart is an FCA-qualified chartered accountant with more than ten years of practical accounting and audit experience.
He leads the technical developments for Duncan & Toplis. This covers audit, financial reporting and maintaining the quality of work.
He has recently been appointed to Duncan & Toplis’ operations board and has become a member of the ICAEW’s influential Ethics Advisory Committee. Stuart also sits on the Kreston Global ESG Committee.
AI can play a critical role in ESG initiatives by helping companies analyse vast amounts of data, identify patterns and trends, and make more informed decisions about reducing their environmental impact, improving social outcomes, and enhancing corporate governance. Here are a few examples of how AI is being used in ESG initiatives:
Environmental: AI can be used to analyse satellite imagery and other data sources to track deforestation, identify pollution sources and monitor climate change’s impact on ecosystems. This information can help companies better understand their environmental impact and develop strategies for reducing their carbon footprint and other environmental harm. AI can also support gathering internal energy and carbon usage data to assist with reporting within financial statements and other publications.
Social: AI can analyse social media and other online data sources to monitor public sentiment and identify emerging social issues that may be relevant to a company’s business. This information can help companies to be more proactive in addressing social issues and improving their social outcomes. AI can also provide efficiencies in the day-to-day operation of businesses freeing up employees’ time to focus on other initiatives.
Governance: AI can analyse financial data and other information to identify potential risks and conflicts of interest that may impact a company’s governance practices. This information can help companies to strengthen their internal controls, improve transparency, and enhance their overall governance structure.
However, it is important to note that AI is not a panacea for ESG issues. While AI can provide valuable insights and help to automate specific tasks, it is not a substitute for human judgment and decision-making. Instead, companies must still ensure that they have strong governance structures, including robust policies and procedures, to ensure that their ESG initiatives are effective and aligned with their overall business objectives.
Moreover, there are also ethical concerns associated with the use of AI in ESG initiatives. For example, AI algorithms may inadvertently perpetuate bias or discrimination if not designed and implemented responsibly and ethically. Therefore, it is important for companies to be transparent about their use of AI and to ensure that their AI initiatives are consistent with their ethical and social responsibilities.
In conclusion, AI has the potential to play a valuable role in ESG initiatives by helping companies to understand better and address complex environmental, social, and governance challenges. However, it is important for companies to approach AI cautiously and ensure that their use of AI is aligned with their ethical and social responsibilities. Ultimately, the success of ESG initiatives will depend on integrating human judgment and decision-making with the insights and efficiencies that AI can provide.
News
Laurent Le Pajolec
Member of Board EXCO A2A Polska, Kreston Global ESG Committee member
General Manager and shareholder of consulting companies with a Marketing/ business development and a Financial background with direct experience with several sectors (Real estate, Transport, Fintech, Legaltech, M&A, Import- Export, HR, Restructuring). Exco Polska Board Member.
Christina Tsiarta
Advisory services on sustainability, ESG & climate change
Christina is an experienced consultant specialising in ESG, sustainability, and climate change. She has over 13 years of expertise and has worked with various organizations, including local municipalities, national government agencies, the Directorates-General of the European Commission, and the private sector across different industries.
Call for systemic change in DEI through TCA
May 9, 2023
Our experts and ESG Committee members Laurent Le Pajolec and Christina Tsiarta recently collaborated on an article where they shared insights on why a firm should engage in Trade Cooperation Agreement (TCA) and why existing accounting methodologies are no longer sufficient for modern-day businesses.
Progress in DEI stalls globally
The Netherlands has overtaken Canada to become home to the world’s most diverse, equitable, and inclusive workplaces, as per Kantar’s Inclusion Index 2022. The index measures progress in developing inclusive and diverse workplaces globally, with personal services, non-profit, and professional services being voted as the most inclusive industries, while the entertainment industry remains among the least inclusive. Despite a growing appetite for systemic change in diversity, equity, and inclusion, progress in developing diverse and inclusive workplaces has stalled globally, with countries such as Canada, the USA, and Italy seeing a significant drop in their scores. Failure to take meaningful action impacts recruitment and retention, with one in four employees likely to leave their organisation due to a lack of inclusion.
Inclusion progress
The research indicates that although DEI has become more prominent in businesses’ agendas, there has been a lack of progress. The global score for the index remains at 55, the same as in 2020. In contrast, eight out of twelve markets surveyed have experienced a decline in their Inclusion Index score from 2019 to 2022. However, Mexico and Australia have made significant strides in DEI progress, with 15% and 7% increases in the last three years.
Industries are making varied progress in their efforts towards inclusion. Personal services (such as beauty salons), professional services (like legal and accounting firms), and non-profit organizations are leading the way. Financial services, ranking in the middle, and IT and marketing companies, in the lower half of the ranking, are taking steps to improve inclusion. However, industries like fashion, hospitality, security, entertainment, media, sports, publishing, and agriculture, ranked at the bottom, still have a lot of work to do to improve their inclusivity.
Read more from Laurent Le Pajolec and Christina Tsiarta here.
News
Earth Day 2023: Liza Robbins
April 21, 2023
As Earth Day 2023 approaches, it is important to acknowledge the importance of sustainability in the corporate world. Due to the increasing environmental difficulties, it is crucial for businesses to integrate sustainable methodologies into their activities. In this article, Liza Robbins, Chief Executive of Kreston Global, provides her perspective on how tax and accounting specialists can assist businesses in focussing on sustainable practices.
Earth Day 2023 theme is ‘Invest in our planet.’ Businesses can profit significantly from a sustainable transition if they invest early on. How do you think businesses will profit – or benefit?
Climate change has become a crucial topic in today’s business world, with various stakeholders such as staff, clients, suppliers, and investors expressing their concerns about the impact of businesses on the environment. As a result, they have high expectations for companies to engage in sustainable practices. Ignoring these issues will result in negative consequences for the reputation and profitability of the business, as sustainable companies are more attractive to stakeholders.
The recruitment and retention of top talent have become significant challenges for businesses globally. Individuals increasingly seek to work for companies that have a positive impact on the planet, and the focus on sustainability can be a key factor in attracting and retaining employees. Therefore, organisations that integrate sustainable practices into their operations will benefit in terms of attracting and retaining talent.
Governments and regulators worldwide are also introducing new policies and laws to combat climate change, and organisations that adopt carbon reduction strategies now will be better equipped to navigate these new requirements. Adopting sustainable practices not only ensures regulatory compliance but also enhances the organisation’s reputation and brand value, positioning the organisation as a trailblazer in sustainability, which is highly attractive to stakeholders. In summary, businesses must recognise that sustainability is not a peripheral issue but a core concern that can drive long-term success and stakeholder satisfaction.
What is the role of accounting networks like Kreston Global in the education and behaviour change that firms and their clients need to take us to net zero by 2050?
At Kreston Global, we recognise the significant role we play in driving positive change in the world. As representatives of the accounting profession, we take great pride in our network’s ability to create a lasting positive impact. With over 25,000 individuals across 115+ countries, we have the reach and the influence to shape the global business landscape.
Our connectivity allows us to leverage our position to educate and consult on sustainable business practices, showcasing good practices that positively influence firms and their clients. At Kreston Global, we firmly believe that sustainability is a critical aspect of modern business, and we actively promote this mindset to our network and beyond.
Kreston Global recently partnered with Treedom Agroforestry to mitigate the emissions generated by enabling our members to connect face-to-face. What actions have you taken in your firms or your personal life that you can share that will help mitigate or reduce emissions?
At our organisation, sustainability is a top priority, and we have taken significant steps to integrate it into our operations. As part of our Strategic Plan, we have made a commitment to ESG and positive impact, and have enlisted the help of our network experts in this area, establishing an ESG Committee to identify best practice that can be shared across the organisation. We strongly believe that sustainability is not just a buzzword but a critical aspect of responsible business practices.
On a personal level, I am deeply committed to the Reduce, Reuse, Recycle mantra. I believe that we should all be mindful of our consumption patterns and strive to reuse items whenever possible. For instance, I have significantly reduced my car usage and prefer to walk or cycle for short journeys. I am delighted that the pleasant weather has made this more feasible lately.
At Kreston Global, we are also committed to reducing our carbon footprint. We carefully consider our travel plans and aim to combine multiple uses for a single flight whenever possible, such as attending meetings or conferences. We are dedicated to doing our part in creating a more sustainable future, both at work and in our personal lives.
To read more about the sustaiblity and ESG reporting in Kreston Global, click here.
News
Earth Day 2023: Andrew Griggs
Earth Day is a global event celebrated every year on 22 April to raise awareness about the importance of protecting our planet and taking action against environmental challenges. As we approach Earth Day 2023, it’s important to consider the role that businesses can play in contributing to a more sustainable future.
Andrew Griggs, Senior Partner at Kreston Reeves and head of the Kreston Global ESG Advisory Committee shared his insights on how businesses can incorporate sustainability into their financial reporting and tax compliance, and how they can benefit from investing in sustainable practices.
1. The business world is among the most significant emitters of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. How can businesses incorporate sustainability into their financial reporting and tax compliance?
“I think there are great opportunities for UK businesses to incorporate sustainability into reporting, simply by looking at what is mandatory now for larger companies (over 500 employees) and following that lead to getting ahead of the curve as it will be mandatory for SMEs soon. From a financial management perspective, all business benefits from knowing their ESG risks and opportunities, and seeing what the impact of their business has on their wider community and stakeholders. And of course, it gives anyone looking closely at that business, be it as an investor, potential recruit or to do business with, a sense of the business culture, values and ethos.”
2. Earth Day 2023 theme is ‘Invest in our planet.’ Businesses can profit significantly from a sustainable transition if they invest early on. How do you think businesses will profit – or benefit?
“As I mentioned above, getting in early is always useful as it can take time to build a comprehensive ESG approach. I know from our own journey as a firm that wanted to have a positive impact on the world and society that the earlier you start the better. We began ours in 2018 and in March this year have achieved B Corporation certification which was one of our goals. The benefits of this inside-out approach have been substantial in terms of increasing staff engagement and morale, improving our financial performance, creating standout in the marketplace, and attracting/retaining clients.”
3. How can tax incentives for sustainable initiatives positively impact a company’s bottom line, and how can businesses take advantage of them with the help of tax and accounting professionals to quantify these benefits in their financial statements?
“Environmental tax incentives in the UK are quite good – there are capital allowances on energy efficient practices (improving heating and energy consumption) and investments in zero carbon technology (ie building infrastructure/electric car/bikes for staff etc). We know that adopting these and other measures such as turning down the heating slightly, going paperless, encouraging recycling and looking at lower water usage and plastic reduction has had a considerable impact in a positive way on our bottom line.”
4. What is the role of accounting networks like Kreston Global in the education and behaviour change that firms and their clients need to take us to net zero by 2050?
“In Kreston we have the opportunity to reach – both across our 165 member firms in 115 countries but in turn to influence and engage their clients and people. This allows us to change behaviours across a large global footprint and create impetus for change by galvanising the whole network. Our network’s impact strategy includes a committee of some of our ESG leaders to help direct and mentor other firms in this area.”
5. Kreston Global recently partnered with Treedom Agroforestry to mitigate the emissions generated by enabling our members to connect face-to-face. What actions have you taken in your firms or your personal life that you can share that will help mitigate or reduce emissions?
“As previously mentioned, as a firm we have committed to becoming a B Corporation so we can live our values of not only becoming net zero but ensuring a long-term commitment to staying net zero – and helping others to do so as well as part of being B corp.“
In conclusion, Andrew’s insights highlight the importance of incorporating sustainability into businesses’ financial reporting and tax compliance, investing in sustainable practices, taking advantage of available tax incentives, and the role of accounting networks in driving education and behaviour change. As we celebrate Earth Day 2023 with the theme of ‘Invest in our planet,’ it’s important to remember that businesses can profit significantly from a sustainable transition if they invest early on.
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